Tuesday 14 April 2015

HTML Introduction

What is HTML?


HTML is a markup language for describing web documents (web pages).

  • HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
  • A markup language is a set of markup tags
  • HTML documents are described by HTML tags
  • Each HTML tag describes different document content

 HTML Example


A small HTML document:

 <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <title>Page Title</title>
</head>

<body>
  <h1>My First Heading</h1>
  <p>My first paragraph.</p>
</body>

</html>

Example Explained


    The DOCTYPE declaration defines the document type to be HTML
    The text between <html> and </html> describes an HTML document
    The text between <head> and </head> provides information about the document
    The text between <title> and </title> provides a title for the document
    The text between <body> and </body> describes the visible page content
    The text between <h1> and </h1> describes a heading
    The text between <p> and </p> describes a paragraph

Using this description, a web browser can display a document with a heading and a paragraph.

HTML Tags


HTML tags are keywords (tag names) surrounded by angle brackets:
<tagname>content</tagname>

    HTML tags normally come in pairs like <p> and </p>
    The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag
    The end tag is written like the start tag, but with a slash before the tag name

Web Browsers


The purpose of a web browser (Chrome, IE, Firefox, Safari) is to read HTML documents and display them.

The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses them to determine how to display the document:

http://www.w3schools.com/html/img_chrome.png

HTML Page Structure


Below is a visualization of an HTML page structure:


The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration


The <!DOCTYPE> declaration helps the browser to display a web page correctly.

There are different document types on the web.

To display a document correctly, the browser must know both type and version.

The doctype declaration is not case sensitive. All cases are acceptable:





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